Minimum Wage Essay Example for Free

The lowest pay permitted by law Essay The lowest pay permitted by law is the least rate at which a specialist can be played. There she the lowest pay permitted by law laws pegged to hourly, day by day and even month to month rates, despite the fact that U. S. law is pegged to a time-based compensation. Additionally, a lowest pay permitted by law as a rule makes it unlawful for an individual to sell his work for not exactly the lowest pay permitted by law rate The universally useful of the lowest pay permitted by law is to ensure a living compensation to all laborers who work a standard timeframe, whatever that may be. In principle, any work who works 40 houses every week on the lowest pay permitted by law ought to be at or over the neediness level line. In any case, the lowest pay permitted by law has not kept up pace with the swelling in the United States and the typical cost for basic items builds more than the compensation expands that are given and that route behind the principles Minimum pay laws were first begun in Australia and New Zealand during the 1890s. The principal the lowest pay permitted by law to be law was in Massachusetts in the 1912 yet it just applied to kids and ladies. The government the lowest pay permitted by law was built up in 1938 by the Fair Labor Standards Act. At first set at 25 pennies 60 minutes, the pay has been raised occasionally to reflect changes in swelling and profitability. That the copy compensation frequently include extended political fights, Did you realize that one of every five Americans worked in the destitution levels by the rules of the administrative government,† Paul Oysterman, a financial specialist at the M. I. T. Sloan School of Management wrote in an ongoing New York Times article. He says the current the lowest pay permitted by law is lower, in swelling balanced terms, than it was in 1968. At present, 6 percent of every single hourly specialist make close to the government the lowest pay permitted by law of $7. 25, TIME. com In principle it seems like a smart thought to give everyone a raise, however at what cost? By raising the lowest pay permitted by law it should make it where individuals would have the option to help themselves and get off of government help. All things considered, they got a raise are still on government help. So my inquiry is: what do you figure they should make to have the option to thoroughly deal with them selves and their family? Do you think raising the lowest pay permitted by law is the appropriate response? Do you understand that the organizations must have the option to meet a finance? At the point when you raise the lowest pay permitted by law it makes a business need to raise their costs if all conceivable which in turns makes their client base surprise, which thusly could cause cutback and less organizations employing, which thus implies the business won't be appropriately dealt with in light of the fact that you can't bear to staff it appropriately on the grounds that you can't stand to pay the higher wages. I own a café which recruits individuals 16 years and more established. Presently when you enlist an individual in and they start off procuring top wages and there is no base, at that point there is no explanation from them to attempt to improve on the grounds that you can't bear to give them raises. I feel like the administration is needing business to be the new government assistance framework and we can't bear to be. If it's not too much trouble stop this and let the business choose how much a worker is worth. The lowest pay permitted by law was made to be a beginning stage in individuals lives not a living. Our administration doesnt need great paying employments so they are attempting to make the lowest pay permitted by law work for the individuals and it won't! Cafés and different organizations that pay the lowest pay permitted by law are which is as it should be. We don't charge a great deal for our items, along these lines, we can't bear to pay a ton for our assistance and you needn't bother with an advanced degree to work at a lowest pay permitted by law work. Stop this before there are significantly less occupations. At the present time I need to raise my costs because of Ohio raising their lowest pay permitted by law once more. Let me choose who gets the raise not the legislature! 20% of those living on the lowest pay permitted by law the last time it was brought up in 1991 were in neediness, and an extra 13% were close to destitution. In 1993, the President extended the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC), which raised salary for 15 million families, helping many working families move over the destitution line. However to finish the objective of guaranteeing that all day working families are out of destitution, we have to raise the lowest pay permitted by law. Late investigation by the Economic Policy Institute and fundamental work by the Department of Health and Human Services recommends that 300,000 individuals would be lifted out of destitution if the lowest pay permitted by law was raised to $5. 15 every hour. This figure incorporates 100,000 kids who are as of now living in destitution. In any case, the discussion has been muddied by a few legends that enemy of the lowest pay permitted by law powers rehash at each chance. Legend: The main Americans working for the lowest pay permitted by law are young people. Reality: 63 percent of the lowest pay permitted by law laborers are grown-ups age 20 or over. (Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics) Myth: Minimum pay laborers dont bolster families. Reality: The last time the government the lowest pay permitted by law was expanded, the normal the lowest pay permitted by law laborer brought home 51 percent of their familys week by week profit. (Source: Analysis of Census Bureaus Current Population Survey by Professors David Card and Alan Krueger) Myth: Raising the lowest pay permitted by law harms the poor by causing work misfortune. Reality: Nearly 10 million working Americans would get a salary increase if the lowest pay permitted by law is expanded to $5. l5 every hour. As Nobel Prize-winning financial specialist Robert Solow stated, [T]his proof of occupation misfortune is feeble. Furthermore, the way that the proof is frail proposes that the effect on occupations is little. (Source: New York Times, January 12, 1995) Legend: The main examination demonstrating that raising the lowest pay permitted by law doesn't cost occupations was an investigation subsidized by the U. S. Work Department. Reality: One significant examination led in 1992 and financed by Princeton University and the University of Wisconsin was distributed by two Princeton University financial experts. One of those business analysts later joined the Labor Department. (Source: Washington Post, January 11, 1995) Furthermore, a comparable end has been reached by at any rate ten other autonomous investigations. Fantasy: Raising the lowest pay permitted by law will negligibly affect people groups lives. Reality: A 90-penny every hour increment in the lowest pay permitted by law implies an extra $l,800 for a lowest pay permitted by law worker who works all day, all year as much as the normal family spends on staple goods in over 7 months. (Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics) Myth: Increasing the lowest pay permitted by law has consistently been a harsh, factional issue that solitary Democrats have upheld. Reality: In 1989, the last time the lowest pay permitted by law was expanded, the House of Representatives vote for the current neediness line for a group of 4 is $15,600. A group of 4 with one specialist procuring $4. 5 an hour and working all day all year ($8,500) would get an assessment credit of $3,400 under the 1996 arrangements of the EITC, will gather food stamps worth $3,5l6, and will pay $650 in finance charges. This family would wind up $834 underneath the destitution line. Then again, for a group of 4 with one specialist acquiring $l0,300 (a full-time all year laborer at $5. l5 every hour), the EITC would give the greatest duty credit ($3,560), food stamps would give $2,876, and they would pay $788 in finance charges. The expansion in the lowest pay permitted by law alongside EITC and food stamps would lift this family out of neediness. Additional time Federal law necessitates that representatives who are not excluded get extra time pay for whenever worked past forty hours in any one week's worth of work. The pace of additional time pay is one and one-half times the workers standard pace of pay, and should be paid in compensation, not in merchandise or downtime. A week's worth of work is characterized as one time of 168 hours, or seven sequential twenty-four hour durations. The week's worth of work may begin whenever, or on quickly, as long as the beginning day and time are applied reliably. Workers who are qualified for extra time pay may not postpone their entitlement to get additional time

Edna’s Search for Solitude in Kate Chopins The Awakening Essay

Edna’s Search for Solitude in Kate Chopin's The Awakening Home from a mid year at Grand Isle, isolated from the organization of a pleasant and, in the long run cherished, friend and in the smothering organization of an unpleasant, careless spouse, Edna Pontellier sees her home, her nursery, her trendy neighborhood as an outsider world which had abruptly gotten adversarial (76). At the point when she is disregarded in the house, she excites to the impression of extra reality, the opportunity to investigate, examine, to see her home in its own light. To eat in harmony without her better half's silly grumblings, to peruse until tired, to rest is an extravagance which show, her significant other and her own complicity had denied her. She rested soundly, since her time was her own to do with as she enjoyed (96). This is nevertheless one night over the span of Edna's enlivening, a convoluted procedure that, regardless, places her in charge of her own fate. At last, she will reply to nobody however herself. Her way to this point is an unpredictable battle to cut out the isolation she aches for - friendship when and with whom based on her personal preference. As Edna develops to perceive her own voice, she endures then again elation, despondency and dissatisfaction. Her decisions create from an uplifted feeling of her general surroundings, of her own inclinations and wants. Her encounters, starting with Robert Lebrun, open her to these sensations, and the sensations furnish her with the ability to free herself. Taking a gander at instances of Edna's inexorably intense and outward reactions to upgrades and her similarly stiff-necked conduct, her quest for isolation develops as a lady getting mindful of her decisions. When Edna hears Mademoiselle Reisz play at Grand Isle, she is set up to see the music, as she ... ...had overwhelmed and looked to drag her into the spirit's subjection for the remainder of her life (138). The vibes that hued her reality and gave her voice additionally gave her a voracious want for opportunity, for decision, for self-decided isolation. Incapable to make those whom she cherished comprehend, she settles on another decision, and opens herself to another wrap of sensation. Like the man in Isolation, Edna remains upon the sea shore stripped, encompassed by space and air. However, in contrast to that man, her isolation and introduction are picked - she isn't deserted, she is leaving. The ocean holds no limits any more, she isn't hesitant to leave the shore and she realizes she can swim to the ocean, as out of sight it takes to be free. As she swims out, her faculties restore in memory of her dad and sister's voices and the scent of dianthus; by and by she is being hushed, however this time toward a goals.

Meet the Class of 2012

Meet the Class of 2012 Today, the Class of 2012 formally register for classes and thus become official college students! Often, I get emails asking what the students we admit are like. Who are they? What are they interested in? What have they done, and what do they hope to do? So while I can point to some general demographic data in the freshman class profile, giving a sense of their individual achievements, passions, and dreams can be harder. So this summer, I watched the news wire for stories of incoming freshmen in their hometown newspapers. As you may have seen in your community, local and regional papers love to publish stories of locals doing well. Many of these student are from small towns or areas where few students go to out-of-state private universities. These stories, I think, give a nice insight into the lives of some of our incoming freshmen. Here are the stories I collected this summer about the new MIT freshmen MIT scholarship fulfills dream for San Luis teen May 26, 2008 BY WILLIAM ROLLER, SUN STAFF WRITER San Luis, Ariz. Living modestly with a single parent, she may not think of herself as a role model. But Angelica Ceniceros blazed a trail for other students and earned a scholarship to a prestigious university. Ceniceros, 18, a senior at San Luis High School, was recently awarded a full scholarship in an honors program to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. She said she arrived at high school with a passion for mathematics and had her sights set on submitting an MIT application since 10th grade. I like word problems and always wanted to go into a field to apply my knowledge about math. I want to explore the possibility of applying my skills to design vehicles or systems used in space. After returning from a visit to Mexico, Ceniceros checked the MIT online account she established to discover she had been accepted for admittance. I was shocked but really glad. I showed my mom the acceptance letter and she was happy, but I told her we cant afford it. Three weeks later I got my financial aid package and now I can finally enroll. Already granted a full-ride scholarship at Arizona State University, Ceniceros had been participating in ASUs honors program for the three previous summers. I was comfortable with the idea of going to ASU and my mom was supportive, but there was no way I was going to throw away the opportunity to go to one of the finest schools in the country. Attending school in the Northeast is a major transition, Ceniceros acknowledged, yet she already purchased winter clothing. She will be traveling East this summer for orientation and checking up on living accommodations. And she has been busy e-mailing MIT sophomores to get an insiders take how to adapt. I have asthma, so I have problems with my health. I also asked about which dorm is best to study and about restaurants. Im a vegetarian, so I need veggie options so it shouldnt be a problem for me. Miguel Contreras, San Luis High School guidance director, said Ceniceros is an all-around excellent student. It took a lot of extra work to get to this point, Contreras said. But she came with a good foundation from the K through 8 system. It was Contreras who shepherded Ceniceros through the financial aid process, helping her become a finalist for the Gates Millennium Scholars, the Mercedes- Benz of scholarships, established by Microsoft founder Bill Gates. Ceniceros ultimately didnt get it. But Contreras knew many schools maintained their own scholarships and with some effort, the financing came through. It was awesome, close to being a miracle, because we knew how expensive it was, Contreras said. Despite the largess of the $52,370 scholarship, there was an insufficient amount to travel back and forth on holiday breaks. So a local campaign was started to fund Ceniceros travel expenses so she concentrate on a good performance, Contreras said. Its a major breakthrough but hopefully she can serve as a motivation for other students to follow, Contreras said. It takes a lot of work. Its not for everybody but Angelica is proof it can be done. Ceniceros said after graduation she would like to return to San Luis to encourage students to continue their education by teaching before she focuses on a specific career path. Yet she would advise younger students it is never too early to begin the search for what may become their lifes endeavor. A lot of kids in middle school think, oh, high school is going to be party time, Ceniceros said. Theyll have time to enjoy life here but you cant have fun all the time. Just how well a student can perform in high school largely falls on the shoulders of each individual, Ceniceros cautioned. I came here to do what youre meant to do, Ceniceros stressed. I came here with the idea to learn and explore what I like and didnt like. I think Im going to graduate with a pretty good idea. HHS graduate becomes the first accepted to MIT By Kathy Parks Tuesday, May 27, 2008 Competition in the classroom gets harder each year, but 2008 Hargrave High School senior Tyler Thompson has realized his dream of being accepted to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge, Mass., and became the first Hargrave student to receive the honor. “I am ranked second in my class and I applied at several out-of-state universities including Yale, Carnegie Melon and Stanford,” said Thompson. “For a local school, I applied at University of Texas, but my first choice was MIT.” Thompson said that he knew that he had the grades and extracurricular activities required, but he also knew that he would be competing with a lot of other highly qualified students. He said that he remained hopeful about his chances for being admitted. “I got word I was accepted as a freshman in the MIT Class of 2012 through the Internet,” said Thompson, who was monitoring the application process online. His university of choice is a private university with approximately 4,100 undergraduates and 6,100 postgraduates. Founded in 1861, MIT has a strong emphasis on science and technology research and its alumni include Apollo 11 astronaut Buzz Aldrin and Federal Reserve Bank Chairman Ben Benanke. Thompson started his education in Humble ISD and attended the Oaks Elementary School. His parents moved to Huffman before he entered high school. Thompson said his parents heard that Huffman was designated as an exemplary school by the state of Texas and said they felt the smaller class size would work to his benefit. While climbing to the top of his class, Thompson also participated in a variety of extracurricular activities including marching band, jazz band and the church band at Atascocita United Methodist Church. Thompson serves as an escort for the drill team, helping the team with props and providing support for the performances. He is a member of the National Honor Society and developed leadership while serving as drum major for the high school’s band. Thompson’s advice to underclassmen wanting to apply at a top university is to get involved in high school clubs and activities. “It’s not just about the grades,” said Thompson. “It’s about how much drive and ambition you have.” Thompson plans to enter MIT this fall as an electrical engineer and computer science major. His senior class will hold their graduation ceremonies on June 6 at the Campbell Center in Aldine. G. Ledge grad first from school to enroll in MIT Student ready for colleges traditions of competition, pranks By Derek Wallbank, Lansing State Journal June 2, 2008 No one from Grand Ledge High School has ever enrolled at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, one of the worlds most prestigious science and engineering schools, school officials said. Thats all Peter needed to hear, said his mother, Sarah Gilliland. So, during his junior year, Peter Gilliland set out to defy the odds. Its the same thing he did when he became the first student at the school to test out of a pre-calculus class with a perfect score, taught himself advanced placement physics and battled back from injury to become an all-conference linebacker for the Grand Ledge football team. Thats why MIT is such a perfect fit, said Gilliland, 17, who plans to study either nuclear or aerospace engineering. One of the reasons I wanted to go there is because the smartest kids in the country are there and I want to compete, he said. The competitive fires burn quietly but constantly inside Gilliland, friends and teachers said. To most of the world, the classroom Superman is but a quiet Clark Kent, who doesnt mention his 3.96 unweighted grade-point average or the fact that he has successfully answered calculus questions in 30 seconds that stumped teachers in the math department. You dont get that so often with students that achieve at an academic level like Pete does, said Matt Bird, his football coach and government teacher. He definitely doesnt walk around with his head inflated, agreed friend Julie Barrons, 18. You know how some people that are smart look down on others. I would feel really awkward doing that, Gilliland said. There is, however, another reason MIT appeals to Gilliland. Gilliland is known around his school less as a genius and more as a prankster. And MIT is a school legendary for its pranks. Among Gillilands favorites were when he disabled the automatic doors at Meijer and watched with glee as unexpectant shoppers barged into them with shopping carts. Another favorite and this is the censored version involved collecting reindeer from neighborhood yards at Christmas time and strategically arranging them into a herd in one very surprised neighbors front yard. But MIT is a school for masters, not apprentices. Its where banners reading Ill have thesis finished pronto were unfurled during graduation, where students installed a putt-putt golf course overnight on the university presidents front lawn and where the Dark Mark sign for the evil Lord Voldemort appeared over the schools student center the day the last Harry Potter book was released. The pranks bring a smile to Gillilands face every time he thinks about them. I knew it was a great school, but that just shows they do more than study, he said. Colton High student headed to MIT 12:09 PM PDT on Thursday, June 5, 2008 By ERIN WALDNER The Press-Enterprise COLTON In Melina Flores family, there was never any doubt what she would do after high school. Youre going to college is the message she got while was growing up. It wasnt if. It was when, said Melina, 17. Melina, who will graduate this month from Colton High School, indeed is going to college. In fact, shes going to one of the most eminent universities in the country: the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Ive always been math- and science-oriented, she said. She wont have to pick a major until the end of her freshman year but is leaning toward brain and cognitive sciences, which combines physiology and psychology. Ive always wanted to know how the mind works, she said. Melina leaves later this month for a summer program at MIT, for which she won one of just 80 available spots, she said. Though it means losing her last summer off before college, I think it will be worth it, she said. MIT ranked seventh on U.S. News World Reports 2008 list of the best colleges in America. Competition for admission is fierce. In 2004, 12,445 students applied for the freshman class and 1,533 12.5 percent were offered admission, according to the schools Web site. Melina is the first in her family to go to a four-year college, said her mother, Claudia Quen. Were very proud of her, she said. Quen is a bilingual school aide. Melinas father, David Flores, is a project supervisor at an environmental engineering and construction company. Both immigrated to California from Mexico. Education has been important to us, said Quen, who after five years of college course work earned an associate degree in 2005. Melina has a younger brother and said her parents have provided a strong support system. As a student in the AVID program, which stands for Advancement Via Individual Determination, Melina learned what she needed to do to prepare for college. She was in AVID all four of her years at Colton High. She is definitely hard working, said John Kitchen, who teaches AVID at Colton High. Quen described her daughter as self-motivated. Melina took four advanced-placement classes last year and three this year. As of May, her grade point average was 4.3. I definitely think I am a nerd, she said. I spend a lot of time reading. I like studying. But thats just part of her personality, she said. Thats not all of me. Theres more to me than studying and learning, she said. She is president of the Colton High drama club and last summer worked as a congressional page in Washington, D.C. Melina said she appreciates that MIT, while strong in math and sciences, is a well-rounded school with a lot of personality. She also applied to UC Riverside, San Diego, Santa Cruz and Berkeley, the Cal State campuses in Long Beach and San Bernardino and MIT. The first acceptance letter she received was from MIT, she said. Most of her first year costs will be covered by a combination of grants and scholarships from the school. Im ready to go, she said. Im done with high school. Im ready for new experiences. Milford graduate is heading for MIT By KATHY CLEVELAND Thursday, Jun. 12, 2008 MILFORD â€" Jacob Wamala says it took him some time to get used to small town life and a small town high school. But you would never know it from watching how easily he moves around Milford High School flashing a friendly smile. And you would never know it from his extraordinary academic achievements. Jacob is one of 200 members of the class of 2008 who will graduate this Saturday from Milford High School, at 10 a.m. in the Hampshire Dome on Emerson Road. He started school here as a junior last year, transferring from Lowell High School in Massachusetts. Now he’s anticipating another big move soon after graduation â€" to Cambridge and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology where he’ll be part of a summer “jump start program” for freshman. He plans to study engineering and chose MIT after being accepted to Cornell, Dartmouth, the University of Pennsylvania and Notre Dame, because “Boston is my favorite city,” and it’s not too far away, he said. That those top-tiered colleges wanted Jacob doesn’t surprise anyone who knows this young man, who earned perfect scores on his advanced placement math test and his math SAT test. Jacob is tall and lean, with a modest manner that can’t quite hide his pleasure at his achievements, and maybe that’s because his success is relatively new. “I was always an A or B math student in middle school,” he said, “but when I got to high school I decided to push myself.” Pushing himself included teaching himself enough algebra over the summer before he started high school so that he could take Algebra II with trigonometry and skip Algebra I. Summer reading between freshman and sophomore year included a calculus textbook, so he wound up with a perfect 100 for the course and another perfect score, 5, on the Advanced Placement test. No surprise that he received another perfect score, an 800, on his math SAT. He is the reason Milford High started a Calculus-II class when he came here as a junior after taking Calculus-I as a sophomore in Lowell. And pushing himself paid off with academic honors. PSAT/National Merit Scholarship Qualifying Test scores put him in the top 5 percent of African American high school students. Jacob is also an athlete and played basketball and was a wide receiver and cornerback on the Milford football team. Personal high spots of the past two years include the camaraderie of football camp and the summer he spent at the St. Paul’s School Advanced Studies program were he took Introduction to Engineering. “I really, really enjoyed it and it got me prepared (for college life) â€" I stayed in a dorm, learned to manage my time,” he said, and to balance schoolwork and activities. Jacob was also a Massachusetts state chess champion in ninth and 10th grades. He won a New Hampshire Athletic Directors Association and New Hampshire Interscholastic Athletic Association award for athletics and academics, a State Farm Character Award for varsity boys’ basketball, and a Rensselaer Medal Award for excellence in math and science. Other school related activities include the math team and chess team. He was also a member of the Latin Lyceum and Junior Classical League Latin Chapter at Lowell High School and was on the swim team there. It just makes sense to be involved in many activities, he says. “It’s really good to be well-rounded, because it makes it easy to find something to do you really enjoy.” Guidance counselor Paul Christensen calls him a “rare talent in the area of mathematics,” and “a person of tremendous character.” “Students at Milford High have really embraced Jacob,” said Christensen, “which is not uncommon for them, but it also speaks to his personality â€" he’s tremendously positive and gregarious and very appreciative of the opportunities he has been exposed to â€" and they are opportunities he has earned.” And Marcia Breckinridge, his honors English teacher, says Jacob is an easy person to like because of his “insatiable curiosity and warmth and humor.” “Jake was never a braggart and often helped others without a condescending tone,” she wrote in an e-mail. “He was open to suggestions on writing, and his papers consistently showed proofreading and painful revisions.” Outside of school Jacob volunteers at the Harborside Healthcare/Crestwood nursing home in Milford where he has organized a men’s group that plays cards and watches movies regularly. And the Boys Girls Club of Souhegan Valley also gets some of his volunteer time. They are all part of his goals: to do good and have a happy life. “I want to have a successful job, so I can give back,” he says, “but I want to enjoy everything along the way.” Dream leads to MIT for Redmond math whiz Meet Stephen Rigsby By Patrick Cliff / The Bulletin Published: June 01. 2008 4:00AM PST REDMOND â€" Stephen Rigsby first became intrigued with math when he helped count his mother’s tips from her waitress shifts. Next fall, the Redmond High senior will put that love of mathematics to the test when he steps through the doors of the prestigious Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Stephen, 17, used to organize the coins and bills his mother brought home after work by denomination before counting them up. “He’s really ordered, but not as far as his room or anything goes,” Mary Thibault, Stephen’s mother, said. “He’s like one of those Rubik’s Cubes kids.” Stephen earned a perfect score of 800 on his math SAT, and he’ll finish somewhere in the top 10 of his class when he graduates Friday. Then he’ll go to MIT with tuition and expenses paid. Stephen settled on MIT in eighth grade, even if the school didn’t settle on him for another four years. He remembers seeing television shows with experts at the forefront of their fields who often were from the university, which is known for its science and technology programs. But when he told his school counselor where he wanted to go, the counselor, said Stephen, had his doubts. “Do you even know what MIT stands for?” Stephen did. Stephen, an only child, lives with his mother in Redmond. His father, Andy, was a commercial fisherman who never made it beyond third grade. “He taught himself how to read and write,” Thibault said. “From third grade on, he lived on a boat called The Pursuit.” Even though Andy didn’t have a formal education, he wouldn’t have been surprised that his only son was going to MIT, Thibault said. “The thing about fishermen is they’re the best dreamers on the planet,” she said. “The next catch, the next time you get to be home. What else would you do out there?” Andy Rigsby died when he was 42 from a heart attack while fishing near the Big Island in Hawaii, just as Stephen was about to start high school. “It was really tough, it was really tough,” Thibault said. Both Stephen’s father and grandfather were fishermen. Stephen jokes that he is a failure because he’s not going to become a fisherman. After his father’s death, Stephen and his mother moved around the West until arriving in Redmond about six years ago. Stephen was home-schooled for most of sixth and seventh grade. He and his mother moved to Redmond during his seventh-grade year. “I told my mom I wanted to go to high school in one place,” he said. Although he enjoyed being in class with more students, he said he missed the flexibility at home in studying what he wanted: math and science. When he first decided he wanted to go to MIT, Stephen was a bit naive, he said. When he found out how difficult it was to get into the school â€" only about 12 percent of applicants are admitted â€" he was worried. “It was kind of a buzz kill,” Stephen said. He researched what it took to get into the school, Thibault said. Based on that work, he started going to summer camps at MIT and other schools. He was stunned, he said, by the intelligence of the students at the camps. He remains a bit intimidated, or modest, about the students he’ll be in school with starting with his August orientation. When he went to his pre-orientation, he said he felt like he was the only one who slept, if even for a couple hours a night. “It seems like no one sleeps there,” he said. Stephen knew that the admission decision would come down in April. MIT allows candidates to check if they have been accepted online. Not wanting to wait, Stephen headed to the school’s Web site. He’d long convinced himself â€" and sworn to his friends â€" that he wasn’t getting into the university. But he still had hope. As he clicked through the site searching for his name, he began to worry that he had been right. “I was by myself, it was really stressful,” Stephen said. “I was really scared.” Then, he saw the decision: He was accepted. “I jumped around excited, like everybody else does,” he said. Then, he called his mother, who works at Bronco Billy’s restaurant in Sisters. She screamed to her co-workers that her son had gotten into his dream school. “We’re just so fortunate his merit is being rewarded,” Thibault said. “It really is about him. He’s so diligent and focused and happy, above everything else.” On a recent afternoon, just before her shift began, Thibault spoke about her son going east to Cambridge, Mass. “He’s such a good kid,” Thibault said. Stephen is the captain of the Redmond High tennis team this year. He seemed more comfortable having his picture in the paper â€" even if for a season-ending loss â€" than talking about himself. He shrugged off accomplishments and contributions. Asked what he did other than academics and tennis, he mentioned that he helped start a math club. “We started the math club just to be nerdy,” he said. Denny Irby has taught Stephen math for the past four years. Through the years, Irby has tried to keep Stephen interested, but it has been a struggle. “To have a student like Stephen, specifically, it’s a challenge in a couple of ways,” Irby said. “I can’t ever push Stephen as hard as he needs to be pushed without leaving other kids behind.” Stephen, on his own, searched out online math courses from MIT, just to keep challenged, Irby said. “He’s about as intellectually gifted (a student) as I’ve come across,” said Irby, who has taught at Redmond High for about a decade. “I’m a very lecture-oriented teacher. He’ll ask questions about where this is leading. He’s always thinking ahead, looking ahead at the implication.” Stephen and his mother won’t have to pay for college. Soon after Stephen found out MIT accepted him, he also found out that it had a new financial aid program. If an accepted student’s family made less than $75,000 per year, the student wouldn’t have to pay tuition. The university estimates it costs $50,100 for tuition and living expenses. It’s a trend at private and public schools. They need to find a way to bring students in who otherwise would be blocked by the rocketing cost of college, said Donna Nordstrom, a counselor at the high school’s career center. Stephen plans on studying physics in college. It’s easier, he said, to move from theories of physics to an applied science like engineering, rather than the other way around. He’s not sure exactly what career he’ll want to pursue after he graduates, but he suspects he’ll want to work on the West Coast. It’s the pace, he said. “It’ll probably be a bit of a shock (going east),” he said. Thibault is excited to see what her son ends up doing after college. “As many things as have been discovered, there are so many more things to be discovered,” she said. “I really have an optimistic view of the future because of all the bright kids I’ve met around here. There are so many neat things about to happen because of these brilliant kids.” Incoming frosh numero uno on invention list David Chandler, MIT News Office May 14, 2008 Canadian teenager Ben Gulak got a bit of a head start on his training in mechanical engineering. As an incoming freshman in the MIT Class of 2012, hes already been featured on the cover of Popular Science magazine for having come up with one of the years top 10 inventions. In fact, his was number one. Gulak, who is just 18, will also be a guest on the Tonight Show with Jay Leno later this month, demonstrating his unique electric unicycle-like vehicle. He has been working on the project for two years, initially as a science fair project that made it all the way to second place in the Intel International Science and Engineering Fair (where he also won a special award for the project with the most marketability). Gulak first applied to MIT last year, but was waitlisted and decided to take a year off rather than settle for another school. So he spent the intervening year working on his inventiondesigned to be a practical commuting vehicle for dense urban areasbefore applying again to MIT. The perspective that MIT brings to engineering is really unique, he says. I really like the experience that MIT brings to engineering, especially the hands-on approach. The inspiration for the cycle came when Gulak visited China in 2006 and was amazed at the overwhelming pollution that completely blocked the view of the surrounding country as his airplane came in for landing. He realized that much of that smog was coming from the thousands of motor scooters whizzing through the streets and figured that there had to be a better way. The design he came up with has two wheels mounted side by side, very close together, and powered by electric motors. A computerized control system keeps the vehicle balanced, in a system similar to the Segway personal transporter. But unlike that vehicle, which is ridden in a standing position and is not considered a street vehicle, Gulaks Uno is ridden like a motorcycle and designed for ordinary roads. Operating the Uno is so simple that it requires no controls at all. There is only an on-off switch. Once its on, the driver accelerates by leaning forward, stops by leaning back, and steers by leaning to the side. By sitting upright, the driver can balance in one spot. Gulak, who grew up just outside Toronto, has been tinkering most of his life. He started working with machine tools with his grandfather, who had a fully equipped machine shop in his house, as early as I can remember, certainly by the time I was 5, he says. When his grandfather died in 2004, Gulak inherited all the equipment. I only wish he was here now, for all the things that are going on, he says. The more I get into engineering, the more I miss him. Gulak knows that despite his achievements so far, he still has a lot to learn, and thats why he was determined to study at MIT, where he plans to take a dual major in mechanical engineering and business. But hes not abandoning his pet project: He has already formed a company to develop the Uno, set up a web site and filed for patents in several countries (the United States, Canada and the European Union for starters). And as a result of the recent publicity he has already started to get calls from quite a few investors, some able to provide production facilities for the vehicle. When he found out Jay Leno wanted him on his show, Gulak rushed to complete a whole new version of his prototype bike, incorporating several new features in time to demonstrate it on the program. Why bother with school with such business prospects already in front of him? Gulak takes the long view. I think the Uno has a lot of possibilities, and people really seem to like it. The reaction from the public and the press has been quite overwhelming. However, I really wouldnt want to jeopardize my future or limit my options by just going ahead without getting a degree. So Im very committed to coming in the fallMIT has a lot to offer and Im really looking forward to it. The Uno has taught me how important it is to have a deep and varied knowledge base and a solid grounding in all the basic engineering principles, he says. When I was working on the bike, much of what I learned came through through trial and error, so I know first hand the value and importance of increasing my knowledge base through education. Boise teen accepted into Massachusetts Institute of Technology BY ANNE WALLACE ALLEN [emailprotected] Edition Date: 05/07/08 Of the 13,396 top students from around the world who applied to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology this year, only one in nine got in. The only one in Idaho is Alex Johnson, a valedictorian at Meridian Technical Charter High School. Johnson grew up with a single mother, Susan Johnson, in Boise and Meridian and spent a lot of after-school hours at her bakery, Cookies by Design. Somewhere along the way, he also read everything he could get his hands on and developed a love of learning that has led him to one of the most competitive universities in the world. Hes defied the odds, said Susan Johnson. Nobody else in my family has really gone to college, she said. And financially, weve struggled all his life to keep above water. Alex is going to MIT on a full scholarship. He said his mother always told him he could do whatever he wanted, and he knew early on he wanted more education. It was just kind of a fact to me; as long as I knew there was college, I was going, he said. If I ever brought up the issue of funding, my mother just basically said, It will work out.' Alex attended Garfield and Cynthia Mann elementary schools in Boise and Pioneer Elementary and Lowell Scott Middle School in Meridian before winding up at MTCHS, a nine-year-old school that focuses on areas like programming, media, and electronics and offers college courses. A family friend, Nick Nickerson, taught Alex to read when he was about 4. Once he started reading, it just opened up the entire world for him, said his mother. He kept reading and reading and wanted to learn everything. I encouraged him to read whatever he wanted. Alex hopes to go into research or to teach college-level physics. For now, hes finishing up a busy senior year with Key Club and other groups. Last week, Alex learned he was one of Idahos two Presidential Scholars for 2008 an award based on academics and community involvement. And hes applying to a summer program at MIT, hoping to get a start on his college career several weeks early. He will be in his element, said Susan Johnson. He will thrive with a bunch of people just like him. From Albania to MIT: O’Bryant grad meets the challenge By Lindsay Perna Wed Jun 18, 2008, 11:45 AM EDT Roslindale Born into a small farming family towards the end of the Communist era in Albania, 18-year-old Alban Cobi moved to the United States eight years ago and did so well, he was the valedictorian of the John D. O’ Bryant School of Mathematics and Science. Cobi is now getting ready to head to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the fall. This West Roxbury resident struggled through elementary and middle school in speaking English. He realized how hard he would need to work to succeed in America. Adjusting to a new culture was not his only feat. With a 4.78 grade point average, Cobi dedicated his time to baseball and the National Honor Society. He tutored his peers twice a week, rising above his own courseload of Advanced Placement classes. “I think I really understood the value of education in high school, and that is when I really got into it and liked learning,” said the graduate. Many educators recognized his potential by recruiting him for such academic challenges as the robotics club and the Harvard Crimson Summer Academy. As a captain of the club for two years, Cobi led his team to eighth place in a field of 51 other competing teams building robots within a six-week period. These competitions inspired him to pursue mechanical engineering as a future focus of study in college. “He will only be able to excel at MIT because he already has all the tools to really make it,” said Jamie Shushan, the associate director of the Crimson Summer Academy. Within this academy of lower-income, but remarkable students in the Boston and Cambridge area, the program recruited Cobi as a participant with 29 others for the three-year commitment to study college academics and visit universities in the Northeast. “Many of the peers in my high school are as hard-working as I am, but the main difference is that we work hard at different things,” Cobi said when asked what separated him from his classmates. Beyond naming him one of the most hardworking and caring individuals with a generous spirit, Shushan cannot help but applaud this scholar for being the first student from the program to get accepted to MIT. Exalting him for his tough history, she finds his accomplishments “unbelievable â€" you would have never known it in his diligence with academics and willingness to seek out people to help him.” Cobi attributes his motivation to pursue great things to his parents who taught him to want a better life. “Living in a village is not as good as living here in Boston,” Cobi said. His father, Nick Cobi, noted that the family “had a hard time” acclimating to a new nation. However, he has nothing but pride about his son, who “dreamed about MIT,” the university where Cobi will receive a full-tuition scholarship. Abiding by one of his famous quotes, Cobi has and will continue to adapt Einstein’s idea that “we never cease to stand like curious children before the great mystery into which we were born.” A pitch for prestige Wednesday, May 21, 2008 By Matt Wixon In March, Chris Hendrix got his college acceptance letter. Since then, the Richardson Berkner senior has been careful what he says around friends. I say something dumb and they all get on me because Im going to MIT, said Hendrix, who was Berkners ace pitcher this spring. But Im just a normal guy. Hendrix might be normal, but his college is exceptional. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology is one of the countrys most prestigious universities, and this year, it had its lowest acceptance rate ever. Of the 13,396 students who applied, only 1,554 were accepted (11.6 percent). Once I was accepted, I was like, Whoa! Hendrix said. It was pretty exciting. Exciting for Hendrix, his parents and the MIT baseball coach. Yes, MIT has baseball. That made it even more thrilling for Hendrix, who was 3-3 with a 2.90 ERA this season and nearly pitched Berkner into the playoffs. Hendrix had hoped to play baseball in college and for a while considered walking on at Texas AM. But when Hendrix was accepted to MIT, he knew where he was going. At first, I didnt even consider MIT as a college choice, Hendrix said. I knew you had to be extremely smart to get in there. Hendrix will be teammates with another pitcher with smarts: Fort Worth Arlington Heights senior Chris Vaughan. Theyll play for MITs NCAA Division III team, which is competitive but truly puts the student before athlete. Thats made pretty obvious by MITs mascot: the Engineer. Engineering is also the field that interests Hendrix, who wants to be a civil engineer. Hendrix knows MIT will be a challenge, but Berkner coach Jason Wilson expects him to succeed. Hes incredibly bright, hard-working, very dedicated and goal-oriented, Wilson said. He had some offers to play baseball at other places, but he knows what MIT offers other than baseball. A great opportunity, and with more hard work, a very bright future. People told me that if you get a degree from there, you can pretty much get a job anywhere, Hendrix said. Especially if the employer fields a company baseball team. Student champions math education Stephanie Lin adds to her school and community one equation at a time. By Jennifer Gutman For the Poughkeepsie Journal July 21, 2008 Neighbor Stephanie Lin Age: 16. Residence: Town of Poughkeepsie. Occupation: Student. Family: Father, Chenting Lin; mother, Wen-Hui Chiu; sister, Jennifer Lin. Hobbies: Playing violin for 11 years; creative writing. The 16-year-old Arlington High School graduate started the Mid-Hudson Math Circle program two years ago for middle and high school students who want to practice and hone their already advanced mathematical skills. Lin said she was motivated to begin the program after realizing students were not being taught math properly in local schools they were unable to do math without a calculator. I decided I wanted to put a stop to that in the early stages, Lin said. Her efforts won Lin a gold medal from the Prudential Spirit Community Awards. The Math Circle, which meets every weekend in a room at the Arlington Branch Library, began with a few family friends and has expanded through word of mouth to more than 60 students, including schools that are out-of-state and abroad. Theres even a waiting list now, Lin said. There are too many students. The participants take part in MathCounts, a middle school competition and enrichment program, and many students qualify for the National American Mathematical Competition. Group challenges skills The Verkuils were one of the earliest families involved with the Math Circle. According to Lillian Verkuil, her son Robert was always a good student, and his math results were very good, but this was more challenging. He took first place in the regional competition and eighth place in the New York state competition as a result of his work with the Math Circle. They really instill a yearning in the kids to want to do well, said Roger Verkuil, Roberts father. Lin tries to use unique strategies, such as incorporating math into creative writing, to make the lessons stick in students minds. A farmer story will turn into digging roots, which then gets into square roots, Lillian Verkuil said, giving an example. Using relatable material to form a connection with the students makes the Math Circle something fun and not so intimidating, she said. Wen-Hui Chiu, Lins mother, believes the program is not only beneficial to the community and school, but to her daughter as well. From this experience she learned to be a leader, Chiu said. Right now shes on fire, she wants to do more. Lin recognizes the effects the program has had on her, too. The Math Circle has augmented my self-confidence and responsibility, Lin said. In addition to an overall personal growth, she said the Math Circle has given me the chance to experience what a career in education would be like. The future goals for the Math Circle include recruiting students at a younger age when the most progress can be made and working with underprivileged children who, Chiu said. Lin is taking a year off before she goes to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology during which she will continue her work with the Math Circle. She plans to double major in math and business. After that, Im not sure, she said. Morris student bound for MIT Thursday, July 24, 2008 Even when he and his family were homeless, Morris County student Jeremy deGuzman never lost sight of his dreams. A resident of Peer Place family housing in Denville, deGuzman graduated from the Morris County Academy for Math, Science and Engineering in spring 2008, with a grade point average of 98.89. He is a National Merit Scholarship finalist, Morris County College Fair scholarship recipient and a member of the Math and Spanish honor societies. He earned perfect scores on both the Math and Ver bal sections of the SAT, with an overall score of 2350, and a perfect five on the AP Calculus BC test. Last month, he was presented with the 2008 Stephen J. Bollinger Memorial Scholarship at the Public Housing Authorities Directors Association Annual Conference in New Orleans. In the essay accompanying his scholarship application, deGuzman expressed his gratitude for the opportunity to enter public housing because it provided him and his family, formerly homeless, with the stability and security necessary to realize his goals. The Housing Alliance is proud of Jeremy for his accomplishments, said Michelle Roers DiNa poli, Housing Alliance co-chair and Director of Community Impact at United Way of Morris County. Stories such as his highlight the importance of affordable housing in empowering individuals to succeed by providing them with a place to live, work, and invest. DeGuzman was offered a full scholarship through the College Match Scholarship program to Princeton University, a full scholarship to Stanford University, as well as early admission to Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He enjoys using his free time to repair discarded computers, which he provides to people in need, and he looks forward to entering Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the fall to pursue a degree in either computer technology or aerospace engineering. To MIT, minus silver spoon or television IIT dream shattered, boy pulls off feat CHANDREYEE CHATTERJEE Bankura, May 4: Illness spoiled his IIT dream but Anshuman Panda has hit back by grabbing a seat at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The 17-year-old Higher Secondary examinee from Bankura Zilla School is used to springing back from poor starts. He’s never had a TV at home: Anshuman’s father, a private tutor, earns Rs 3,500 a month. And till six months ago, the boy was computer-illiterate and didn’t know that the MIT existed â€" although he was a Madhyamik rank-holder and dreamt of being a scientist. “Getting into the IITs was my dream… I never knew I could go abroad to study,” Anshuman, who was stopped from taking the IIT entrance exam by a bout of sinusitis, said. Surrounded by books in his room, the boy gives you the impression of being slightly unworldly. It was a chance glance at a newspaper late last year that taught him about the US Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT). He was excited but there was a problem. The form had to be filled in online. So Anshuman enrolled in a cyber café 1km from the family’s two-room house in Panchbagha on Bankura’s outskirts, about 270km from Calcutta. After scanning the Internet, he chose the top four universities â€" MIT, Harvard, Stanford and Caltech â€" unaware that these were the toughest to get into. “I had no idea how difficult it was…. I wasn’t even sure if they all offered scholarships,” Anshuman said. Fortunately for him, MIT does and he will be heading there this autumn on a full scholarship that will take care of his tuition and living costs. The Albert Einstein and Stephen Hawking fan, who has always wanted to do research, will be studying for a BSc and hopes to bag a double degree in mathematics and physics. His father Bidhan Chandra Panda and mother Swapna Panda, a homemaker, are preparing for the day their only son flies the nest. “I wanted to study medicine but couldn’t afford it,” Bidhan said. “I had pledged to myself my son would never have to make any compromises…. All the same, it has been tough paying for his education.” Well-wishers and the local club have helped with the books. Anshuman’s room has a desk and a wall shelf lined with books, mostly on math and physics although the biographies of his childhood idols find space, too. “He studies at least 12 hours every day,” Swapna said. “When he’s studying he forgets everything else, even meals. At other times he reads storybooks his passion is Satyajit Ray. He has hardly any other interests.” With no TV Anshuman hasn’t had the chance to be a cricket fan. And the last movie he watched was Blood Diamond a couple of months ago when he visited his aunt. “I never scored more than 52 per cent in work education and physical training,” the boy grinned, looking up from the math problems he was cracking for fun. Anshuman ranked sixth in Madhyamik, scoring 779, and his teachers expect him to be on the HS merit list. “It’s not just because he studies hard. He has potential and I’m not surprised that he has cracked MIT,” said Partha Meyur, his physics teacher. Anshuman had practised on a borrowed computer for all of 10 days before taking his SAT in December. His perfect score of 2400 in his SAT subject, and the recommendation from his school, helped bag the full scholarship despite lower scores in critical reading and writing. Purnachandra Jana, inspector of schools from the district where the literacy rate is 70 per cent, said: “Bankura does well in Madhyamik and HS but to my knowledge, Anshuman is the first to have made it to MIT straight from school here.” Anshuman’s experience of the world outside Bengal is limited to Kanpur, where he spent the first six years of his life, and a trip to Delhi last year. But he isn’t worried about living in the US. “I know that language will be a bit of a problem, but they have a department for international students and they’ll help.” Father Bidhan has one worry, though. “I’m still trying to figure out how to arrange the money for his US trip.” Determined Teen Overcomes Obstacles to Get Accepted at MIT Haines City High School grad is a Gates Millennium Scholar. By STACY JONES THE LEDGER Published: Monday, July 7, 2008 at 6:01 a.m. HAINES CITY | During an admissions interview with an alumnus of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Everson Auguste was told the venerable institution was not looking for the variable X as much as it is for students with the potential to grow into X. Whatever this X factor is, Auguste has it. Of 10 Polk County students interviewed by MIT for the class of 2012, Auguste was the only one chosen. On the way to achieving this honor, Auguste overcame the death of his mother and a move during his sophomore year to a Polk County high school not known for scholarship. Auguste (pronounced august-eh) is a Gates Millennium Scholar who graduated in May from Haines City High School. As a Gates Millennium scholar, his hefty MIT bill upward of $50,000 for one academic year will be funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. Auguste also has been awarded a scholarship from the American Chemical Society. Despite his achievements, Auguste remains anxious about the start of his first college semester. Im going to be disadvantaged compared to those MIT kids, Auguste said. Theyre geniuses. Auguste, who plans to go into chemical engineering, said that after talking to fellow incoming MIT freshmen on the Facebook Web site, he plans to brush up on calculus and physics before heading north in late August. Proud Haines City High School teachers describe Auguste as a quiet, unassuming and engaging student who blossomed before their eyes. Julie Roberts, the schools career lab specialist, said Auguste has always seemed amazed at his own success. He is more astonished than anyone at his good fortune, she said. Deborah Ford, AP Literature and Honors English 3 teacher at the school, said Auguste was probably one of my most diligent students, also probably one of the most humble. Its almost like he didnt think hed get it. Auguste, 18, and his sister Gersuze, 10, moved to Haines City from Orlando in 2005 to live with his aunt and uncle following the death of their mother. His father lives in New York City. Other than, of course, God, my greatest motivation is my mom. She died the summer during my 10th-grade year, on Aug. 28. She had been diagnosed with lupus, Auguste said. They never said Were expecting her to die in three months,' he said. The initial prognosis had been that his mother, Suzette Auguste, could live with the disease for up to 15 years. She always let me and my sister know that we were her No. 1 priority, he said. In Orlando, he attended Edgewater High School, ranked by Newsweek magazine as one of the best high schools in the country. In Haines City, he came to a high school given a failing grade by the state. However, Auguste discovered Haines City High School has its own merits. One of the most important differences was that I finally had time to do stuff like band and try out some sports, he said. A saxophone player, he became one of the leaders of the marching band. He tried out for both the tennis and soccer teams, having more success with tennis. Academically, he took the hardest classes the school offered honors and advanced placement. He became a student leader, his teachers said. In his AP macroeconomics course, he would get up on the board and show how something was done without any prompting, teacher Paul Roberts said. He was never one to stick out in a crowd. He was quiet until he had a question, but he wouldnt let up until he had an answer, Roberts said. When it came time to take the AP test, he told everyone to be prepared and get lots of sleep. In his spare time, he gave pep talks about the FCAT to younger children to emphasize that grades do matter in second and third grades, teacher Ford said. Teachers at the high school are thrilled with Augustes accomplishments a feather in the cap for a school long connected with failure, which, they say, is getting better. We were an F school; the only F in the county, Roberts said. The kids worked so hard. (Principal Deborah) Elmore cracked down on discipline and dress code. Polk Countys School Superintendent Gail McKinzie said Haines City High School is improving. Theres been a huge change in the school in terms of academic improvement. Students are very supportive of one another and want their school to be a very important school, she said. Auguste starting becoming interested in attending MIT between the 10th and 11th grades. A lot of people were talking about what college they were going to, he said. I knew back then I wanted to go into engineering. I found out about MIT and saw that they had lots of Nobel laureates as alumni. According to MITs Web site, 72 of the 777 individuals and 20 organizations to win Nobel prizes have been associated with the university. In his salutatorian speech at graduation, Auguste gave special thanks to his AP teachers. He also expressed gratitude for his father, his Aunt Jonette and Uncle Jean Lauture, and his church. The church gave him a huge plaque, Auguste said, smiling and holding his arms out at full length. The plaque features an article with his senior picture, his full name and four verses from Proverbs. The person who gave it to me said, When youre at MIT, put this by your bed and think of me,' Auguste said. Strongsville High Schools Mathura Jaya Sridharan sees the beauty in both Indians arts, science by Ellen Jan Kleinerman Monday May 05, 2008, 10:22 AM HEAD OF THE CLASS | I stopped looking at chemistry as another subject in school worth passing, but almost as a human in its own respect, with beautiful features, relationships, strengths, weaknesses, shortcomings and even a certain shyness in revealing all it has to offer. Mathura Jaya Sridharan sees the mathematics in music and the creativity in solving differential equations. Math, she says, is the root of her passion for academics and the arts. The petite 17-year-old, who plans to study theoretical physics in college, explodes with enthusiasm as she describes her quest to master the intricacies of the South Indian arts singing classical Carnatic music and learning the expressive Bharatanatyam dance. Her numerous awards reveal her level of perfection. I wake up pretty early in the morning to sing and put in my time for dance, the Strongsville teen explains. If you really like the art form, you learn to want to do that much. For the past 10 summers, Mathura has traveled to her parents native India to study singing with renowned musicologists and performers. Its an entire field of study about India, its background, its heritage, she says of the Indian arts. It has a lot to do with religion. It has a lot to do with culture, philosophy, who we are and why we do stuff. When she was in eighth grade, Mathura started spending hours reading her fathers college textbooks. Thats where she discovered her fascination with quantum mechanics and astrophysics. Its the marriage between math and science, she says. So incredibly exciting, so counter intuitive, but at the same time so obvious. She loves school and the Strongsville High School student excels on many levels. Mathura is a National Merit Scholar, an AP Scholar With Distinction, a Phi Beta Kappa nominee and an award winner for the Cleveland Technical Societies in math and science. She is president of the Science Club and a member of the Science Olympiad Team, National Honor Society, Mu Alpha Theta math honorary and the Academic Challenge team. She also tutors students in math and volunteers at the local hospital. Mathura is the daughter of Bhuuaneswari and Srinivasan Sridharan. Shes now deciding among a number of top colleges, including the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and California Institute of Technology. [note: obviously, she has chosen MIT] Though she chatters on about her fascination with math and the arts, Mathura musters up only a few brief phrases to describe herself. Im motivated and passionate. I get into everything I do, she says. Whatever it is, Im all over it.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Great Helps Medicine Essay

Subject: Magnetic Resonance Imaging *INTRODUCTION Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has been around since the 1930s. An MRI machine has a great purpose in the medical field. It is a radiology technique that uses magnetism, radio waves, and a computer to produce images of body structures, such as a patient’s head, chest, blood vessels, bones and joints, and much more. MRI machines help doctors figure out what is wrong with their patients bodies. It allows doctors to take a closer look at a certain location and see things that other machines cannot see. By using this machine, it helps doctors figure out the problem faster and allows them to try and find a treatment or a cure. METHODS OF RESEARCH I selected this research topic because†¦show more content†¦Every time a surgeon goes in for an operation they tend not to say anything to their patients so that they do not worry. Honestly, what patient would want to know that their doctor is going in blind, while carrying a knife? The doctors can only see what is in front of them, but not around the next bend. The surgeons hope that the structures look like what they have seen, but they really do not know. According to Josh Fishchman a journalist from U.S News, â€Å"new developments are making surgical procedures safe, more accurate and more successful. Due to real time MRI and computed tomography, doctors and surgeons are able to pinpoint certain cancerous areas and operate with a clearer view† (Josh Fishchman). Predict Risk of Heart Attack Advantages Heart Disease is the number one cause of death for both men and women in the United States. Every 33 seconds someone in the United States dies from a heart attack. Just this year more than 920,000 Americans will have a heart attack and probably more than half of them will occur without prior symptoms or warning signs. 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Computers have provided technological advancement in many fields but in the field of medicine, in the last decade, advancements have had an enormous impact. Innovative technologies assist healthcare professionals to diagnose, treat and care for patients. For example, information is readily accessible, test results are almost immediat e andRead MoreUses And Purpose Of The Technology1930 Words   |  8 Pages1 NAME AND PURPOSE OF THE TECHNOLOGY The MRI – Magnetic Resonance Imaging – is a non-invasive medical procedure that uses a powerful magnetic field and radio frequency pulses to produce detailed images of soft-tissue, organs, blood vessels, bone and nearly all other internal body structures. These detailed images allow physicians to evaluate various parts of the body and diagnose and treat various medical conditions. Unlike X-rays and CT scans, MRI machines produce 3D images of the body without the

America MUST Drill for Oil in The Arctic National...

America MUST Drill for Oil in The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) For a drug addict to quit a drug, the best solutions for the addict would be to slowly wean them self off the drug periodically. America can be viewed in a parallel way on its dependency for oil. America needs another source of oil to slowly lessen its overwhelming dependency on foreign oil and to help the process of finding another mass energy source. The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge better known as the ANWR is a rich treasure of oil and gas that can help lessen Americas need for foreign resources. Drilling on the ANWR will not only help the American economy, but will also help aid America in the future. Many ask â€Å"why do we need this oil in Alaska? Is it†¦show more content†¦In Virginia alone about 28,000 jobs will be created such as engineers and oil supply developers. The drilling will affect each state in some way weather it be transportation, stocking, manufacturing or a vast number of jobs. What better way to help American citizens than making national jobs instead of creating foreign jobs. Most individuals may think that drilling and transporting oil on the ANWR will put many animals in danger, when in all reality the animals and their environment will be subjected to little or no danger. There are many reasons for this. Firstly, a great deal of oil drilling experience has already been learned in the Arctic area because of previous drilling done at Prudhoe Bay, which has taught oil companies extensive safety precautions in the drilling and transporting of oil. Prudhoe Bay which is only couple miles from the ANWR and currently Americas largest source of oil is sai d to rival the amount of oil on the ANWR. Moreover, the ANWR stretches a vast 19 million acres and the only land that is going to be affected by the drilling is a mere 1.9 million acres, called the 1002 area. That is only 2% of the ANWR region. Of the 1.9 million acres only 2000 of those acres will actually be utilized for drilling purposes. Conclusively, this should in no way endanger the animals in this area. Of course with every issue there are people who are for it and people that are against it, andShow MoreRelated Should the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge be opened to Oil Drilling?1544 Words   |  7 PagesDrilling oil in Alaskas Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) is a serious issue for environmentalists and for the future of the United States. Should the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge be opened to oil drilling? This paper will debate whether or not we should allow Arctic National Wildlife Refuge to be opened to oil drilling. This will also show the impact it has on the environment, and I will show a critical analysis of the current issue of whether or not to drill. 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Staple Remover Components Free Essays

Components and the Materials of Parts: The formation of the staple remover is based on performance and durability without extra useless parts. The materials that form the tool are managed properly to minimize total costs while maximizing the production rates. There are four main parts: wedges, spring, handle and pin axle. We will write a custom essay sample on Staple Remover Components or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Wedges of Staple Remover The staple remover is comprised of two wedges on shaft. These engaged wedges are usually made from chrome-plated steel, because it is not only harder than the material of the staple, but also tough enough to resist the force applied to extract it. Although the chrome-plated steel using provides these benefits, it shows mild rust-resistance in very moist environments. However, this disadvantage of the material can be ignored, because the staple remover is produced to be used in offices generally. The expander spring is another important part that brings these wedges back to its original opened state. Also, it is usually made from chrome-plated steel like the wedges to prevent any possible failures through metal fatigue in continued use. The handles/grips of the staple remover are important for the usage, but it does not have any functional roles for the aim of the device. The grips provide easy use for users, because people do not have to hold cold and tough metal surface. Grips are largely made from plastic materials which are the most proper choose with its cheapness and formability. The pin axle is a cylindrical cross member which gives the wedges ability to rotate. It is made of stainless steel, which have high rust-resistance in places that have been worn by contact with other metals. How to cite Staple Remover Components, Essay examples

Chandler Model of Integrated Managerial Enterprise

Question: Discuss about the Chandler Model of Integrated Managerial Enterprise. Answer: Introduction Chandler demonstrates using his model, the role of modern corporations in economic growth. He uses examples from corporations in three of the worlds most industrialized nations to prove they are the fundamental forces behind capitalist economies. The basic argument in the model is not new; it has been Chandlers stand for more than three decades. However, there are two distinct aspects in the model that are new. First, the stand is developed by considering corporation in the United States, Germany, and Great Britain (Tann Sutcliffe 1982). Secondly, the assertion in the book is clearer than in previous literature from Chandler. In his model, Chandler presents a thesis to that developed by Adam Smith in his take on the issue of division of labour. According to Smith, labour specialization is dependent on the size of a market. For example, a technological developed such as the use of railroad lows the cost of communication. This results in high production because of economies of scale. According to Chandlers model, large corporations came to be because of the emerging possibilities brought about by technological changes in the 19th century. Successful firms are those that make a contribution to economic development and utilize economies of scale to develop the necessary capacity to invest in technologies essential to high-volume production. This translates to investing in an organised network of distribution and marketing. It also means leaving the task of managing the business to salaried professionals with the necessary know-how to steer the enterprise. Therefore, in summary, Chandlers model refers to the continuous investment in management, distribution, and marketing as the driving force behind the growth and success of modern corporations. Discussion According to Chandlers model, the first enterprises to appreciate the importance of management, distribution, and marketing acquired a competitive advantage. These companies became oligopolistic within their respect markets. Such companies competed with other that appreciated the importance of the same not on price, but on the ability to function effectively, acquire market shares, and profits. The companies achieve this through two distinct processes. First, they achieved this functionally by bettering their production process, their products, labour relations, and marketing. Secondly, they achieved this strategically by shifting their focus into developing markets and away from declining markets faster than their rivals (Du Boff Herman 1980). Although it may seems as though economic preconditions somehow led to the development of corporations, chandlers model is not deterministic. A close examination of the history about the growth and development of corporations rival that there are certain human mistakes and decisions that play a significant role in creating the right condition for the development of corporation and the current capitalist economic model (Supple, Mathias Postan 1979). Comparison of the three nations the model takes into account makes the assertion more evident. For example, the United States is a relatively big country in comparison to Germany and Great Britain (Chandler, Amatori Hikino 1997). The developed of technologies, such as the railroad and telegraph played a more important role in the development of corporations in the country because of the relatively high percent of the population in rural areas. Entrepreneurs of US companies, such as Henry Ford of Ford automobiles appreciated the importance of management, marketing, and distribution to the effect that some of his employees were above him in companys management. The story of Great Britain is fairly different from that of the US. Unlike the US, Britain is a fairly small country where a majority of the population lives in urban centers. The impact of new technologies, such as railroad and telegraph developed in the 19th century was relatively low. Although Britain was ahead of the US because of the pioneer of the first industrial revolution, it fell behind during the second industrial revolution because of a number of factors. First, the country had invested heavily to infrastructure developed during the first industrial revolution such as canal (Franken 2015). Secondly, the countrys business and political leaders made a number of critical mistakes that ensured the country would fall behind the US in the second industrial revolution. For example, unlike in the US, Britain has a certain attachment to a model of business operation referred to as the family firm. This is a type of organization where the owner and his or her family are at the helm of the business regardless of their knowledge about the business operations or market (Economic History of Transport in Britain 2005). When compared to the US and Britain, Germany is somewhere between the two. Germany was bigger, more rural, and newer to industrialization than Britain. However, it is smaller, less rural, and older to industrialization than the US. The main aspect that differentiates Germany from the other two countries is the nature of interaction between businesses. In the three countries cartel agreements were welcomed and the norm; however, in Germany, the agreements were enforceable under the common law, which was not the case in the US and Britain. While cartels were forbidden in the US common law, the Sherman Act allowed mergers; therefore, American companies were more inclined to merger and cooperate within the framework of the law. Britain did not have a similar law; therefore, companies were more inclined to compete with each other because the formation of cartel was illegal and cartel agreements could not be enforced within the law (Chandler Hikino 1994). Although firms in the three count ries operated in three different environments where they could cooperate to varying degrees, many firms soon recognised that superior capability in terms of management, marketing, and distribution was a better approach than limiting competition. According to Chandlers model, successful companies are those that seek to improve efficiency rather than achieve monopoly. For example, if one company was to achieve monopoly in a certain sector of the economy, then it would control production and pricing but would have limited capacity with respect to demand. Therefore, whenever there is a decrease in demand, the company would have to cut production to prevent losses (Gudria 2014). Another company in another industry that does not seek to control the entire sector but only to improve efficiency stands a better chance of weathering low demand and growing its bottom-line. If the company only controls 60% of the market share, in times of low demand, the company can leverage its efficiency to take what it needs from the other 40% and maintain its full capacity (Smith 2007). In order to understand how enterprises respond to economic change in a given environment, it is important to consider how an enterprises administrative hierarchy responds to innovation and economic changes. Markets are generators of economic information; however, they economize in the transmission of information. Market information is not limited to price. According to Chandlers model, both markets and firms are structured in ways that promote communication and growth of knowledge (Lazonick 2013). The two also require organization. The main challenge is how both the market and firm respond to changes. The answer is dependent on the structure of the change. For example, when a systemic change occurs, it is difficult for a decentralized system to adjust and make generate appropriate responses to the change (Lazonick 2012). This may be a result of vested varying interests or the high cost associated with persuading different players. The cost may be especially high when the systemic cha nge is large scale. It may also be difficult for an individual player to implement the changes because the changes may be entirely new and not available in the market. For example, the development of a moving chain assembly line in the automobile industry meant that of Ford suppliers had to go out of business because it was easier for the company to produce the parts than to teach its suppliers how to implement the changes. According to Chandlers model, corporations maintain the capacity to make large scale rearrangements in response to market and innovation changes that led to the right investment necessary for mass distribution and production. The role of corporate management in the process is a centrifugal one (Lipartito Sicilia 2004). It is not the responsibility of the management to centralize operation. Ones the necessary changes have been forcibly made in response to changes in the market and innovation a decentralized system is one again restored. Chandler notes that successful firms are those that adopt new capabilities and a multidivisional structure (Gudria 2014). Under the multidivisional structure, the day-to-day decisions of the organizations are made by divisional managers. Each division could theoretically operate as an independent business. This approach is what the British firms failed to implement. By operating as family firms the companies encountered the problem of centralized plan ning. The multidivisional structure also referred to as the M-form structure differs from a market satisfied by fully independent firms the top management retain the power to determine the strategic direction of the firm (Fremdling 1991). In modern corporations, the role of top managers is to reshape the companys capabilities whenever necessary. The role includes among other things to abandon declining markets and to seek new markets. The non-decentralized British top management could not find the time or develop the long term perspective of their counterparts in US and Germany who had delegated the day-to-day decisions to divisional managers (Capshaw 2012). As Frank Knight recons, delegation of decisions to concerned divisions is inevitable if the organization is to survive in the long-run. He alludes to the evolution of organic life and how complex organisms have developed different organs to perform specialized functions (Nelles Chandler, 1991). According to Chandlers model, the fundamental source of competitive capability in firms is changing over time. For example, prior to World War 2, the source of competitive capability of companies was the ability to produce in large scale and take advantage of the economies of scale (Knecht 2014). In a post World War 2 economy the focus has shifted from taking advantage of the economies of scale to vertical integration. Vertical integration refers to the extension of the business from its initial focus to secondary domains that are important in the production and distribution of its products (Lazonick 2012). For example, a fashion house may seek to purchase or own a textile or dye manufacturing subsidiary. Another approach includes taking advantage of by products to produce more products. For example, meat packing companies took advantage of their raw material to move into leather and fertilizer making (Harrigan Harrigan 2003). The growth of Multinational Corporations is not without its challenges. For example, being the second half the 20th century, corporation began diversifying in sectors of the economy that are completely unrelated to their co-competence. The growth of corporation could also spell problems for innovation, especially in sectors of the economy where one company enjoys monopoly (Targowski n.d.). Huge corporations also have considerable bargaining power, which means they can easily exploit employees, especially in developing nations in an effort to maximize profits. The large scale of corporation and their ability to control supply of essential products such as petroleum also means the ability of governments and political leaders to bargain with them is limited (ABE 2009). This had led to social irresponsible organizations that in many instances disregard the environment and threat the very system that sustains life on this planet. Conclusion Chandlers model makes a compelling case about the importance of corporation in the development of modern economies and the sustained competitiveness of different nations. For the examples given by Chandler, it is clear that the structure adopted by corporations in the three countries used in the example played an important role in determining how fast each industrialized relative to the other during the second industrial revolution. Although corporation can spur economic growth and streamline production, if left unchecked, they pose a danger to the society. References ABE, E 2009, 'Alfred Chandler's Model of Business Enterprise Structure and the Japanese-Style Enterprise System: Are They Compatible?',Japanese Research in Business History, vol. 26, pp. 59-74. Capshaw, R 2012, 'Chandlers Complexities',American Book Review, vol. 33, no. 6, pp. 25-25. Chandler, A 1977,The visible hand, 1st edn, Belknap Press, Cambridge, Mass. Chandler, A Hikino, T 1994,Scale and scope, 1st edn, Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass. Chandler, A, Amatori, F Hikino, T 1997,Big business and the wealth of nations, 1st edn, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Du Boff, R Herman, E 1980, 'Alfred Chandler's New Business History: A Review',Politics Society, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 87-110. 'Economic History of Transport in Britain' 2005,. Franken, A 2015, 'Chandler's Business Model and Change within the Queensland fire service 1930-1990',Academy of Management Proceedings, vol. 2015, no. 1, pp. 11379-11379. Fremdling, R 1991, 'Productivity comparison between Great Britain and Germany, 18551913',Scandinavian Economic History Review, vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 28-42. Gudria, W 2014, 'Towards an Integrated Model for Enterprise Interoperability',Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on Business Modeling and Software Design. Harrigan, K Harrigan, K 2003,Vertical integration, outsourcing, and corporate strategy, 1st edn, Beard Books, Washington, D.C. Knecht, M 2014,Diversification, industry dynamism, and economic performance, 1st edn, Springer Gabler, Wiesbaden. Lazonick, W 2012, 'Alfred Chandlers managerial revolution: developing and utilizing productive resources',Management InnovationEssays in the Spirit of Alfred D. Chandler, Jr., pp. 3-29. Lazonick, W 2013, 'Alfred Chandler's Managerial Revolution',Oxford Handbooks Online. Lipartito, K Sicilia, D 2004,Constructing corporate America, 1st edn, Oxford University Press, Oxford. Nelles, H Chandler,, A 1991, 'Chandler's Three Faces of Capitalism',Labour / Le Travail, vol. 28, p. 295. Smith, R 2007,Industrial Revolution, 1st edn, Teacher Created Resources, Westminster, CA. Supple, B, Mathias, P Postan, M 1979, 'The Cambridge Economic History of Europe. Volume VII. The Industrial Economies: Capital, Labour, and Enterprise. Part 1: Britain, France, Germany, and Scandinavia',The Economic Journal, vol. 89, no. 355, p. 715. Tann, J Sutcliffe, A 1982, 'Towards the Planned City: Germany, Britain, the United States and France, 1780-1914.',The Economic History Review, vol. 35, no. 1, p. 150. Targowski, A n.d., 'The Enterprise Systems Approach',Social, Managerial, and Organizational Dimensions of Enterprise Information Systems, pp. 1-30.