Magnetic Resonance Imaging Great Helps Medicine Essay

Subject: Magnetic Resonance Imaging *INTRODUCTION Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has been around since the 1930s. An MRI machine has a great purpose in the medical field. It is a radiology technique that uses magnetism, radio waves, and a computer to produce images of body structures, such as a patient’s head, chest, blood vessels, bones and joints, and much more. MRI machines help doctors figure out what is wrong with their patients bodies. It allows doctors to take a closer look at a certain location and see things that other machines cannot see. By using this machine, it helps doctors figure out the problem faster and allows them to try and find a treatment or a cure. METHODS OF RESEARCH I selected this research topic because†¦show more content†¦Every time a surgeon goes in for an operation they tend not to say anything to their patients so that they do not worry. Honestly, what patient would want to know that their doctor is going in blind, while carrying a knife? The doctors can only see what is in front of them, but not around the next bend. The surgeons hope that the structures look like what they have seen, but they really do not know. According to Josh Fishchman a journalist from U.S News, â€Å"new developments are making surgical procedures safe, more accurate and more successful. Due to real time MRI and computed tomography, doctors and surgeons are able to pinpoint certain cancerous areas and operate with a clearer view† (Josh Fishchman). Predict Risk of Heart Attack Advantages Heart Disease is the number one cause of death for both men and women in the United States. Every 33 seconds someone in the United States dies from a heart attack. Just this year more than 920,000 Americans will have a heart attack and probably more than half of them will occur without prior symptoms or warning signs. According to an article from USA Today Magazine, â€Å"Research study conducted by Christopher Maroules and colleagues; MRI imaging of aortic atherosclerosis can predict risk of heart attacks.† Cost Disadvantage MRIs are extremely expensive because of the prices for equipment. WithShow MoreRelatedTechnology And Its Impact On The Medical Field1562 Words   |  7 PagesIn the world we live in today technology is always advancing; having many great effects in our personal lives and in the medical field, one of which being the technical advances on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). 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Therefore there is a need for low cost, rapid and sensitive methods forRead MoreHow the Mri Procedure Has Impacted Society1914 Words   |  8 PagesHow the MRI Procedure has an Impact on Society Robin T. Maynard Bethel University Abstract The introduction of Magnetic Resonance Imaging several years ago has a tremendous effect on our society today. This procedure enables physicians to diagnose and possibly cure several diseases which could otherwise prove to be fatal. As for anything in our society, there are some people who will criticize and find the negative points to it, however the positive impact that MRI scanning has on our society definitelyRead MoreThe Impact Of Technology On The Medical Field1206 Words   |  5 Pagesmoving at a very fast pace in the world today. There are no signs that in the future, it will slow down. The impact of technology on the medical field is immense. Computers have provided technological advancement in many fields but in the field of medicine, in the last decade, advancements have had an enormous impact. Innovative technologies assist healthcare professionals to diagnose, treat and care for patients. For example, information is readily accessible, test results are almost immediat e andRead MoreUses And Purpose Of The Technology1930 Words   |  8 Pages1 NAME AND PURPOSE OF THE TECHNOLOGY The MRI – Magnetic Resonance Imaging – is a non-invasive medical procedure that uses a powerful magnetic field and radio frequency pulses to produce detailed images of soft-tissue, organs, blood vessels, bone and nearly all other internal body structures. These detailed images allow physicians to evaluate various parts of the body and diagnose and treat various medical conditions. Unlike X-rays and CT scans, MRI machines produce 3D images of the body without the

America MUST Drill for Oil in The Arctic National...

America MUST Drill for Oil in The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) For a drug addict to quit a drug, the best solutions for the addict would be to slowly wean them self off the drug periodically. America can be viewed in a parallel way on its dependency for oil. America needs another source of oil to slowly lessen its overwhelming dependency on foreign oil and to help the process of finding another mass energy source. The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge better known as the ANWR is a rich treasure of oil and gas that can help lessen Americas need for foreign resources. Drilling on the ANWR will not only help the American economy, but will also help aid America in the future. Many ask â€Å"why do we need this oil in Alaska? Is it†¦show more content†¦In Virginia alone about 28,000 jobs will be created such as engineers and oil supply developers. The drilling will affect each state in some way weather it be transportation, stocking, manufacturing or a vast number of jobs. What better way to help American citizens than making national jobs instead of creating foreign jobs. Most individuals may think that drilling and transporting oil on the ANWR will put many animals in danger, when in all reality the animals and their environment will be subjected to little or no danger. There are many reasons for this. Firstly, a great deal of oil drilling experience has already been learned in the Arctic area because of previous drilling done at Prudhoe Bay, which has taught oil companies extensive safety precautions in the drilling and transporting of oil. Prudhoe Bay which is only couple miles from the ANWR and currently Americas largest source of oil is sai d to rival the amount of oil on the ANWR. Moreover, the ANWR stretches a vast 19 million acres and the only land that is going to be affected by the drilling is a mere 1.9 million acres, called the 1002 area. That is only 2% of the ANWR region. Of the 1.9 million acres only 2000 of those acres will actually be utilized for drilling purposes. Conclusively, this should in no way endanger the animals in this area. Of course with every issue there are people who are for it and people that are against it, andShow MoreRelated Should the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge be opened to Oil Drilling?1544 Words   |  7 PagesDrilling oil in Alaskas Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) is a serious issue for environmentalists and for the future of the United States. Should the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge be opened to oil drilling? This paper will debate whether or not we should allow Arctic National Wildlife Refuge to be opened to oil drilling. This will also show the impact it has on the environment, and I will show a critical analysis of the current issue of whether or not to drill. 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On one end you have the people who want to drill for oil to help out our economy, and on the other end there are the environmentalists and the Alaskan natives who do not want their land destroyed. Our economy needs help; oil prices keep rising, gas prices have reached an all time high, and America is depending too much on foreign trade. DrillingRead MoreThe Arctic National Wildlife Refuge2134 Words   |  9 PagesThe Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) has been the center of a strident controversy and national debate that has raged for over 40 years. The question raising so much contention is whether the federal government should allow drilling for oil and natural gas with the levels of contention paralleling the rise and fall of gas prices. The National Democratic and Republican Parties have taken opposing positions in their national political platforms, with the debate emerging and re-emerging in CongressRead MoreEssay about Environmental Views of Anwr2711 Words   |  11 PagesThe Arctic National Wildlife Reserve (ANWR) is a beautiful 19.6 million acre coastal plain, and is located in the Northeastern part of Alaska. ANWR is home to numerous species of wildlife and one of the largest untapped oil preserves in the United States. There is an immense debate between the opposing environmentalists and the politicians who want to drill for oil on a section of ANWR, which is only 1.8% of the refuge. Environmentalists who oppose drilling for oil in Alaska say the wildlife andRead More Environmental Views of Arctic National Wildlife Reserve (ANWR)2507 Words   |  11 Pagesnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Arctic National Wildlife Reserve (ANWR) is a beautiful 19.6 million acre coastal plain, and is located in the Northeastern part of Alaska. ANWR is home to numerous species of wildlife and one of the largest untapped oil preserves in the United States. There is an immense debate between the opposing environmentalists and the politicians who want to drill for oil on a section of ANWR, which is only 1.8% of the refuge. Environmentalists who oppose drilling for oil in Alaska say the wildlife andRead MoreAnwr: Should We Drill892 Words   |  4 PagesJacob Jenkins Professor Baals English 1302 October 30, 2012 ANWR: Should we drill? George F. Will article, â€Å"Being green at Ben and Jerry’s† is in a conversational manner and throughout stays that way and uses witty metaphors and sarcastic remarks throughout while poking fun at how he feels about environmentalists and are just plain mistaken when against drilling. He also finds area to state what he believes and reasons why we are not drilling and the reasons why we should be drilling. HeRead MoreThe Debate Over the Idea of Drilling for Oil in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge1480 Words   |  6 PagesDrilling for Oil in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge Throughout American history, there have been a number of conflicts and disagreements among the populace over various issues. These conflicts of interest help to define political parties and allow people to distinguish themselves through party allegiance. One such item that is currently being debated is over the idea of drilling for oil in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. 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Staple Remover Components Free Essays

Components and the Materials of Parts: The formation of the staple remover is based on performance and durability without extra useless parts. The materials that form the tool are managed properly to minimize total costs while maximizing the production rates. There are four main parts: wedges, spring, handle and pin axle. We will write a custom essay sample on Staple Remover Components or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Wedges of Staple Remover The staple remover is comprised of two wedges on shaft. These engaged wedges are usually made from chrome-plated steel, because it is not only harder than the material of the staple, but also tough enough to resist the force applied to extract it. Although the chrome-plated steel using provides these benefits, it shows mild rust-resistance in very moist environments. However, this disadvantage of the material can be ignored, because the staple remover is produced to be used in offices generally. The expander spring is another important part that brings these wedges back to its original opened state. Also, it is usually made from chrome-plated steel like the wedges to prevent any possible failures through metal fatigue in continued use. The handles/grips of the staple remover are important for the usage, but it does not have any functional roles for the aim of the device. The grips provide easy use for users, because people do not have to hold cold and tough metal surface. Grips are largely made from plastic materials which are the most proper choose with its cheapness and formability. The pin axle is a cylindrical cross member which gives the wedges ability to rotate. It is made of stainless steel, which have high rust-resistance in places that have been worn by contact with other metals. How to cite Staple Remover Components, Essay examples

Chandler Model of Integrated Managerial Enterprise

Question: Discuss about the Chandler Model of Integrated Managerial Enterprise. Answer: Introduction Chandler demonstrates using his model, the role of modern corporations in economic growth. He uses examples from corporations in three of the worlds most industrialized nations to prove they are the fundamental forces behind capitalist economies. The basic argument in the model is not new; it has been Chandlers stand for more than three decades. However, there are two distinct aspects in the model that are new. First, the stand is developed by considering corporation in the United States, Germany, and Great Britain (Tann Sutcliffe 1982). Secondly, the assertion in the book is clearer than in previous literature from Chandler. In his model, Chandler presents a thesis to that developed by Adam Smith in his take on the issue of division of labour. According to Smith, labour specialization is dependent on the size of a market. For example, a technological developed such as the use of railroad lows the cost of communication. This results in high production because of economies of scale. According to Chandlers model, large corporations came to be because of the emerging possibilities brought about by technological changes in the 19th century. Successful firms are those that make a contribution to economic development and utilize economies of scale to develop the necessary capacity to invest in technologies essential to high-volume production. This translates to investing in an organised network of distribution and marketing. It also means leaving the task of managing the business to salaried professionals with the necessary know-how to steer the enterprise. Therefore, in summary, Chandlers model refers to the continuous investment in management, distribution, and marketing as the driving force behind the growth and success of modern corporations. Discussion According to Chandlers model, the first enterprises to appreciate the importance of management, distribution, and marketing acquired a competitive advantage. These companies became oligopolistic within their respect markets. Such companies competed with other that appreciated the importance of the same not on price, but on the ability to function effectively, acquire market shares, and profits. The companies achieve this through two distinct processes. First, they achieved this functionally by bettering their production process, their products, labour relations, and marketing. Secondly, they achieved this strategically by shifting their focus into developing markets and away from declining markets faster than their rivals (Du Boff Herman 1980). Although it may seems as though economic preconditions somehow led to the development of corporations, chandlers model is not deterministic. A close examination of the history about the growth and development of corporations rival that there are certain human mistakes and decisions that play a significant role in creating the right condition for the development of corporation and the current capitalist economic model (Supple, Mathias Postan 1979). Comparison of the three nations the model takes into account makes the assertion more evident. For example, the United States is a relatively big country in comparison to Germany and Great Britain (Chandler, Amatori Hikino 1997). The developed of technologies, such as the railroad and telegraph played a more important role in the development of corporations in the country because of the relatively high percent of the population in rural areas. Entrepreneurs of US companies, such as Henry Ford of Ford automobiles appreciated the importance of management, marketing, and distribution to the effect that some of his employees were above him in companys management. The story of Great Britain is fairly different from that of the US. Unlike the US, Britain is a fairly small country where a majority of the population lives in urban centers. The impact of new technologies, such as railroad and telegraph developed in the 19th century was relatively low. Although Britain was ahead of the US because of the pioneer of the first industrial revolution, it fell behind during the second industrial revolution because of a number of factors. First, the country had invested heavily to infrastructure developed during the first industrial revolution such as canal (Franken 2015). Secondly, the countrys business and political leaders made a number of critical mistakes that ensured the country would fall behind the US in the second industrial revolution. For example, unlike in the US, Britain has a certain attachment to a model of business operation referred to as the family firm. This is a type of organization where the owner and his or her family are at the helm of the business regardless of their knowledge about the business operations or market (Economic History of Transport in Britain 2005). When compared to the US and Britain, Germany is somewhere between the two. Germany was bigger, more rural, and newer to industrialization than Britain. However, it is smaller, less rural, and older to industrialization than the US. The main aspect that differentiates Germany from the other two countries is the nature of interaction between businesses. In the three countries cartel agreements were welcomed and the norm; however, in Germany, the agreements were enforceable under the common law, which was not the case in the US and Britain. While cartels were forbidden in the US common law, the Sherman Act allowed mergers; therefore, American companies were more inclined to merger and cooperate within the framework of the law. Britain did not have a similar law; therefore, companies were more inclined to compete with each other because the formation of cartel was illegal and cartel agreements could not be enforced within the law (Chandler Hikino 1994). Although firms in the three count ries operated in three different environments where they could cooperate to varying degrees, many firms soon recognised that superior capability in terms of management, marketing, and distribution was a better approach than limiting competition. According to Chandlers model, successful companies are those that seek to improve efficiency rather than achieve monopoly. For example, if one company was to achieve monopoly in a certain sector of the economy, then it would control production and pricing but would have limited capacity with respect to demand. Therefore, whenever there is a decrease in demand, the company would have to cut production to prevent losses (Gudria 2014). Another company in another industry that does not seek to control the entire sector but only to improve efficiency stands a better chance of weathering low demand and growing its bottom-line. If the company only controls 60% of the market share, in times of low demand, the company can leverage its efficiency to take what it needs from the other 40% and maintain its full capacity (Smith 2007). In order to understand how enterprises respond to economic change in a given environment, it is important to consider how an enterprises administrative hierarchy responds to innovation and economic changes. Markets are generators of economic information; however, they economize in the transmission of information. Market information is not limited to price. According to Chandlers model, both markets and firms are structured in ways that promote communication and growth of knowledge (Lazonick 2013). The two also require organization. The main challenge is how both the market and firm respond to changes. The answer is dependent on the structure of the change. For example, when a systemic change occurs, it is difficult for a decentralized system to adjust and make generate appropriate responses to the change (Lazonick 2012). This may be a result of vested varying interests or the high cost associated with persuading different players. The cost may be especially high when the systemic cha nge is large scale. It may also be difficult for an individual player to implement the changes because the changes may be entirely new and not available in the market. For example, the development of a moving chain assembly line in the automobile industry meant that of Ford suppliers had to go out of business because it was easier for the company to produce the parts than to teach its suppliers how to implement the changes. According to Chandlers model, corporations maintain the capacity to make large scale rearrangements in response to market and innovation changes that led to the right investment necessary for mass distribution and production. The role of corporate management in the process is a centrifugal one (Lipartito Sicilia 2004). It is not the responsibility of the management to centralize operation. Ones the necessary changes have been forcibly made in response to changes in the market and innovation a decentralized system is one again restored. Chandler notes that successful firms are those that adopt new capabilities and a multidivisional structure (Gudria 2014). Under the multidivisional structure, the day-to-day decisions of the organizations are made by divisional managers. Each division could theoretically operate as an independent business. This approach is what the British firms failed to implement. By operating as family firms the companies encountered the problem of centralized plan ning. The multidivisional structure also referred to as the M-form structure differs from a market satisfied by fully independent firms the top management retain the power to determine the strategic direction of the firm (Fremdling 1991). In modern corporations, the role of top managers is to reshape the companys capabilities whenever necessary. The role includes among other things to abandon declining markets and to seek new markets. The non-decentralized British top management could not find the time or develop the long term perspective of their counterparts in US and Germany who had delegated the day-to-day decisions to divisional managers (Capshaw 2012). As Frank Knight recons, delegation of decisions to concerned divisions is inevitable if the organization is to survive in the long-run. He alludes to the evolution of organic life and how complex organisms have developed different organs to perform specialized functions (Nelles Chandler, 1991). According to Chandlers model, the fundamental source of competitive capability in firms is changing over time. For example, prior to World War 2, the source of competitive capability of companies was the ability to produce in large scale and take advantage of the economies of scale (Knecht 2014). In a post World War 2 economy the focus has shifted from taking advantage of the economies of scale to vertical integration. Vertical integration refers to the extension of the business from its initial focus to secondary domains that are important in the production and distribution of its products (Lazonick 2012). For example, a fashion house may seek to purchase or own a textile or dye manufacturing subsidiary. Another approach includes taking advantage of by products to produce more products. For example, meat packing companies took advantage of their raw material to move into leather and fertilizer making (Harrigan Harrigan 2003). The growth of Multinational Corporations is not without its challenges. For example, being the second half the 20th century, corporation began diversifying in sectors of the economy that are completely unrelated to their co-competence. The growth of corporation could also spell problems for innovation, especially in sectors of the economy where one company enjoys monopoly (Targowski n.d.). Huge corporations also have considerable bargaining power, which means they can easily exploit employees, especially in developing nations in an effort to maximize profits. The large scale of corporation and their ability to control supply of essential products such as petroleum also means the ability of governments and political leaders to bargain with them is limited (ABE 2009). This had led to social irresponsible organizations that in many instances disregard the environment and threat the very system that sustains life on this planet. Conclusion Chandlers model makes a compelling case about the importance of corporation in the development of modern economies and the sustained competitiveness of different nations. For the examples given by Chandler, it is clear that the structure adopted by corporations in the three countries used in the example played an important role in determining how fast each industrialized relative to the other during the second industrial revolution. Although corporation can spur economic growth and streamline production, if left unchecked, they pose a danger to the society. References ABE, E 2009, 'Alfred Chandler's Model of Business Enterprise Structure and the Japanese-Style Enterprise System: Are They Compatible?',Japanese Research in Business History, vol. 26, pp. 59-74. Capshaw, R 2012, 'Chandlers Complexities',American Book Review, vol. 33, no. 6, pp. 25-25. Chandler, A 1977,The visible hand, 1st edn, Belknap Press, Cambridge, Mass. Chandler, A Hikino, T 1994,Scale and scope, 1st edn, Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass. Chandler, A, Amatori, F Hikino, T 1997,Big business and the wealth of nations, 1st edn, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Du Boff, R Herman, E 1980, 'Alfred Chandler's New Business History: A Review',Politics Society, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 87-110. 'Economic History of Transport in Britain' 2005,. Franken, A 2015, 'Chandler's Business Model and Change within the Queensland fire service 1930-1990',Academy of Management Proceedings, vol. 2015, no. 1, pp. 11379-11379. Fremdling, R 1991, 'Productivity comparison between Great Britain and Germany, 18551913',Scandinavian Economic History Review, vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 28-42. Gudria, W 2014, 'Towards an Integrated Model for Enterprise Interoperability',Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on Business Modeling and Software Design. Harrigan, K Harrigan, K 2003,Vertical integration, outsourcing, and corporate strategy, 1st edn, Beard Books, Washington, D.C. Knecht, M 2014,Diversification, industry dynamism, and economic performance, 1st edn, Springer Gabler, Wiesbaden. Lazonick, W 2012, 'Alfred Chandlers managerial revolution: developing and utilizing productive resources',Management InnovationEssays in the Spirit of Alfred D. Chandler, Jr., pp. 3-29. Lazonick, W 2013, 'Alfred Chandler's Managerial Revolution',Oxford Handbooks Online. Lipartito, K Sicilia, D 2004,Constructing corporate America, 1st edn, Oxford University Press, Oxford. Nelles, H Chandler,, A 1991, 'Chandler's Three Faces of Capitalism',Labour / Le Travail, vol. 28, p. 295. Smith, R 2007,Industrial Revolution, 1st edn, Teacher Created Resources, Westminster, CA. Supple, B, Mathias, P Postan, M 1979, 'The Cambridge Economic History of Europe. Volume VII. The Industrial Economies: Capital, Labour, and Enterprise. Part 1: Britain, France, Germany, and Scandinavia',The Economic Journal, vol. 89, no. 355, p. 715. Tann, J Sutcliffe, A 1982, 'Towards the Planned City: Germany, Britain, the United States and France, 1780-1914.',The Economic History Review, vol. 35, no. 1, p. 150. Targowski, A n.d., 'The Enterprise Systems Approach',Social, Managerial, and Organizational Dimensions of Enterprise Information Systems, pp. 1-30.